/* 
Copyright (c) 2011-2022 Reliancy LLC

Licensed under the GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3.
You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html.
You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
*/

package com.reliancy.dbo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.Observable;

/**
 * Observable collection wrapper for monitoring data modifications.
 * 
 * <p>A {@code Bag} is a {@link Collection} implementation that extends {@link Observable}
 * to notify observers of add/remove operations. It's designed as a holder for result sets
 * and provides a foundation for creating virtual collections backed by external data sources.
 * 
 * <h2>Features:</h2>
 * <ul>
 *   <li><b>Observable Pattern</b>: Fires {@link BagChanged} events on modifications</li>
 *   <li><b>In-Memory Storage</b>: Backed by {@link ArrayList} by default</li>
 *   <li><b>Extensible</b>: Can be subclassed for lazy-loading or database-backed collections</li>
 *   <li><b>Standard Collection</b>: Implements full {@link Collection} interface</li>
 * </ul>
 * 
 * <h2>Event Types:</h2>
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link BagChanged#ADD} - element(s) added</li>
 *   <li>{@link BagChanged#REMOVE} - element(s) removed</li>
 *   <li>{@link BagChanged#ACCESS} - element accessed (for lazy loading)</li>
 *   <li>{@link BagChanged#POST_LOAD} - after loading from external source</li>
 *   <li>{@link BagChanged#PRE_SAVE} - before saving to external source</li>
 * </ul>
 * 
 * <h2>Usage Example:</h2>
 * <pre>{@code
 * Bag<PersonDBO> people = new Bag<>();
 * 
 * // Add observer
 * people.addObserver((observable, event) -> {
 *     BagChanged<?> change = (BagChanged<?>) event;
 *     switch (change.getOperation()) {
 *         case BagChanged.ADD:
 *             System.out.println("Added: " + Arrays.toString(change.getArguments()));
 *             break;
 *         case BagChanged.REMOVE:
 *             System.out.println("Removed: " + Arrays.toString(change.getArguments()));
 *             break;
 *     }
 * });
 * 
 * // Modifications trigger events
 * people.add(person1);     // Observer notified
 * people.remove(person1);  // Observer notified
 * }</pre>
 * 
 * <h2>Fluent API:</h2>
 * <p>The {@link #append(Object)} method provides a chainable alternative to {@link #add(Object)}:
 * <pre>{@code
 * Bag<String> names = new Bag<>()
 *     .append("Alice")
 *     .append("Bob")
 *     .append("Charlie");
 * }</pre>
 * 
 * <h2>Construction:</h2>
 * <pre>{@code
 * // Empty bag
 * Bag<DBO> bag1 = new Bag<>();
 * 
 * // From iterable
 * Bag<DBO> bag2 = new Bag<>(someList);
 * 
 * // From iterator
 * Bag<DBO> bag3 = new Bag<>(resultIterator);
 * }</pre>
 * 
 * <h2>Extension for Virtual Collections:</h2>
 * <p>Subclasses can override methods to implement lazy loading or database-backed storage:
 * <pre>{@code
 * public class LazyBag<E> extends Bag<E> {
 *     @Override
 *     public Iterator<E> iterator() {
 *         notifyObservers(new BagChanged<>(this, BagChanged.ACCESS));
 *         // Load from database on first access
 *         return super.iterator();
 *     }
 * }
 * }</pre>
 * 
 * @param <E> the type of elements in this bag
 * @see Observable
 * @see Collection
 * @see BagChanged
 */
public class Bag<E> extends Observable implements Collection<E>{
    /** event to send to observers. */
    public static final class BagChanged<E>{
        public static final int ADD=0;
        public static final int REMOVE=1;
        public static final int ACCESS=2;
        public static final int POST_LOAD=3;
        public static final int PRE_SAVE=4;
        final Bag<E> bag;
        final int operation;
        final Object[] arguments;
        
        public BagChanged(Bag<E> p,int op,Object ... args){
            bag=p;
            operation=op;
            arguments=args;
        }
        public Bag<E> getBag() {
            return bag;
        }
        public int getOperation() {
            return operation;
        }
        public Object[] getArguments() {
            return arguments;
        }
    }
    final ArrayList<E> items=new ArrayList<>();
    
    public Bag(){
    }
    public Bag(Iterable<E> o){
        this(o.iterator());
    }
    public Bag(Iterator<E> o){
        while(o.hasNext()) add(o.next());
    }
    @Override
    public int size() {
        return items.size();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size()==0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        final Iterator<E> it=iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            final E e=it.next();
            if(e!=null && o!=null && e.equals(o)) return true;
            else if(e==o) return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
        for (Object e : c) if (!contains(e)) return false;
        return true;
    }
    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(){
        return listIterator(0);
    }
    public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int offset){
        return items.listIterator(offset);
    }
    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return items.iterator();
    }

    @Override
    public Object[] toArray() {
        return toArray(new Object[size()]);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        return items.toArray(a);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean add(E e) {
        if(items.contains(e)) return true;
        if(countObservers()>0){
            BagChanged<E> evt=new Bag.BagChanged<>(this,BagChanged.ADD,e);
            setChanged();
            notifyObservers(evt);
        }
        return items.add(e);
    }
    public Bag<E> append(E e){
        add(e);
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if(!contains(o)) return false;
        if(countObservers()>0){
            BagChanged<E> evt=new Bag.BagChanged<>(this,BagChanged.REMOVE,o);
            setChanged();
            notifyObservers(evt);
        }
        return items.remove(o);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        if(countObservers()>0){
            BagChanged<E> evt=new Bag.BagChanged<>(this,BagChanged.ADD,c.toArray());
            setChanged();
            notifyObservers(evt);
        }
        if(c==null || c.size()==0) return false;
        c.forEach(e->{this.append(e);});
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
        if(countObservers()>0){
            BagChanged<E> evt=new Bag.BagChanged<>(this,BagChanged.REMOVE,c!=null?c.toArray():null);
            setChanged();
            notifyObservers(evt);
        }
        if(c!=null){
            return items.removeAll(c);
        }else{
            items.clear();
            return true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
        return items.retainAll(c);
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        removeAll(null);
    }
    
}